{"id":4204,"date":"2022-10-17T12:07:00","date_gmt":"2022-10-17T10:07:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.bezpecnevofirme.eset.com\/sk\/?p=4204"},"modified":"2022-10-19T15:57:13","modified_gmt":"2022-10-19T13:57:13","slug":"ransomver-nahnevany-ex-zamestnanec-ci-kriticka-zranitelnost-predstavime-vam-10-najvacsich-hrozieb-pre-firmy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bezpecnevofirme.eset.com\/sk\/firemna-bezpecnost\/ransomver-nahnevany-ex-zamestnanec-ci-kriticka-zranitelnost-predstavime-vam-10-najvacsich-hrozieb-pre-firmy\/","title":{"rendered":"Ransomv\u00e9r, nahnevan\u00fd ex-zamestnanec \u010di kritick\u00e1 zranite\u013enos\u0165. Predstav\u00edme v\u00e1m 10 najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch hrozieb pre firmy"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"Ondrej
Ondrej Kubovi\u010d – \u0161pecialista na kybernetick\u00fa bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 spolo\u010dnosti ESET <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ke\u010f sa obe\u0165ou kybernetick\u00fdch zlo\u010dincov stane dom\u00e1ci pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e, m\u00f4\u017ee pr\u00eds\u0165 o peniaze, digit\u00e1lnu identitu \u010di citliv\u00e9 dokumenty. V pr\u00edpade firiem sa v\u0161ak rozsah \u0161k\u00f4d exponenci\u00e1lne zn\u00e1sobuje. Disponuj\u00fa toti\u017e v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm objemom pe\u0148az\u00ed a nes\u00fa zodpovednos\u0165 za \u00fadaje svojich z\u00e1kazn\u00edkov \u010di zamestnancov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dato\u010dn\u00edci to z r\u00f4znych pohn\u00fatok sk\u00fa\u0161aj\u00fa na firmy r\u00f4znych ve\u013ekost\u00ed z ka\u017edej strany. Pripravili sme pre v\u00e1s preh\u013ead najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdziev, ktor\u00fdm v digit\u00e1lnom svete \u010delia spolo\u010dnosti a ka\u017ed\u00fd mesiac sa bli\u017e\u0161ie pozrieme na jednu z nich.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na mu\u0161ke s\u00fa ve\u013ek\u00e9, stredn\u00e9 aj mal\u00e9 firmy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V prostred\u00ed biznisu \u010dasto panuje myln\u00e1 predstava, \u017ee \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci sa zameriavaj\u00fa iba na ve\u013ek\u00e9 firmy, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa ve\u013ea pe\u0148az\u00ed. Iste, mohutn\u00e9 korpor\u00e1cie l\u00e1kaj\u00fa zlo\u010dincov pre vidinu r\u00fdchleho a vysok\u00e9ho zisku, no z\u00e1rove\u0148 je potrebn\u00e9 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie \u00fasilie na prelomenie ich ochrany, ke\u010f\u017ee spravidla investuj\u00fa v\u00fdrazne viac do zabezpe\u010denia a maj\u00fa t\u00edmy internej bezpe\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00e1ve zvy\u010dajne slab\u0161ia \u00farove\u0148 ochrany rob\u00ed atrakt\u00edvny cie\u013e zo stredn\u00fdch a men\u0161\u00edch firiem. \u010casto im toti\u017e ch\u00fdba technick\u00e9 aj person\u00e1lne zabezpe\u010denie. Nev\u00fdhodou pre \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkov je, \u017ee musia zamera\u0165 svoje kampane na viac obet\u00ed, aby sa dopracovali k rovnak\u00fdm v\u00fdnosom ako v pr\u00edpade ve\u013ek\u00fdch organiz\u00e1ci\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V bezpe\u010d\u00ed nie s\u00fa ani najmen\u0161ie firmy s nieko\u013ek\u00fdmi zamestnancami. Ich syst\u00e9my b\u00fdvaj\u00fa chr\u00e1nen\u00e9 e\u0161te slab\u0161ie a m\u00f4\u017eu sa preto sta\u0165 ter\u010dom plo\u0161n\u00e9ho \u00fatoku, pri ktorom \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci necielia na konkr\u00e9tne firmy. Pr\u00edkladom s\u00fa ve\u013ek\u00e9 spamov\u00e9 \u010di phishingov\u00e9 kampane, ktor\u00e9 si nevy\u017eaduj\u00fa pokro\u010dil\u00e9 technick\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dato\u010dn\u00edci id\u00fa po peniazoch aj citliv\u00fdch \u00fadajoch<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Hlavnou motiv\u00e1ciou je vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine pr\u00edpadov pre \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkov finan\u010dn\u00fd zisk. Be\u017en\u00e1 firma by preto mala s\u00fastredi\u0165 obrann\u00e9 mechanizmy na ransomv\u00e9r, phishing \u010di snahu o exfiltr\u00e1ciu citliv\u00fdch \u00fadajov \u010di know-how.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdnimkou s\u00fa organiz\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa pr\u00edstup k citliv\u00fdm inform\u00e1ci\u00e1m, alebo maj\u00fa \u00fazke v\u00e4zby na kritick\u00fa infra\u0161trukt\u00faru, vl\u00e1dne in\u0161tit\u00facie \u010di arm\u00e1du. M\u00f4\u017ee \u00eds\u0165 o spolo\u010dnosti, ktor\u00e9 tak\u00fdmto organiz\u00e1ci\u00e1m dod\u00e1vaj\u00fa slu\u017eby, softv\u00e9r alebo tovar a maj\u00fa pr\u00edstup do citliv\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tnych syst\u00e9mov. V takomto pr\u00edpade sa ned\u00e1 vyl\u00fa\u010di\u0165 ani \u00fatok vyspel\u00fdch hackersk\u00fdch skup\u00edn motivovan\u00fd geopolitick\u00fdmi z\u00e1ujmami. Riziko t\u00fdchto hrozieb je pritom po\u010das vojny na Ukrajine najvy\u0161\u0161ie za posledn\u00e9 roky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V r\u00e1mci kybernetick\u00e9ho boja sa vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa aj zbrane, ktor\u00fdch cie\u013eom je nap\u00e1chanie fyzick\u00fdch \u0161k\u00f4d. Azda najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00edm pr\u00edkladom je malv\u00e9r Industroyer, ktor\u00fd v roku 2016 zapr\u00ed\u010dinil rozsiahle v\u00fdpadky elektrickej siete na Ukrajine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

E-mail \u2013 vstupn\u00e1 br\u00e1na hrozieb<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0160tatisticky najviac hrozieb prich\u00e1dza do firiem prostredn\u00edctvom e-mailu. Tento vektor \u00fatoku vyu\u017e\u00edva cel\u00e1 paleta \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkov, vr\u00e1tane t\u00fdch, \u010do riadia botnet, \u0161\u00edria infostealery, downloadery, ransomv\u00e9ry, cryptominery ci in\u00e9 typy \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho k\u00f3du.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sp\u00f4sob, ak\u00fdm malv\u00e9r prenikne do firemn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, je vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine pr\u00edpadov trivi\u00e1lny. Sta\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee nepozorn\u00fd zamestnanec nerozozn\u00e1 phishingov\u00fd e-mail alebo in\u00fa techniku soci\u00e1lneho in\u017einierstva, a ohe\u0148 je na streche. Pracovn\u00edk m\u00f4\u017ee napr\u00edklad uveri\u0165, \u017ee mu p\u00ed\u0161e \u0161\u00e9f, a dobrovo\u013ene odovzd\u00e1 \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkovi pr\u00edstupov\u00e9 \u00fadaje, alebo stiahne skompromitovan\u00fa pr\u00edlohu \u010di povol\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00e9 makr\u00e1. Na podobnom princ\u00edpe s\u00fa zalo\u017een\u00e9 aj podvody cez SMS spr\u00e1vy (smishing) a telefon\u00e1ty (vishing). Spolo\u010dn\u00fdm menovate\u013eom je oklamanie obete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00e1ca na dia\u013eku \u2013 zlat\u00e1 ba\u0148a pre \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkov<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ak niekomu zahrala pand\u00e9mia ochorenia COVID-19 do kariet, boli to kybernetick\u00ed \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci. Zamestnanci sa toti\u017e z kancel\u00e1ri\u00ed presunuli do stoviek dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed po celej krajine, v niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch aj po celom svete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zabezpe\u010di\u0165 zo d\u0148a na de\u0148 roztr\u00fasen\u00fa sie\u0165 bolo v\u00fdzvou pre v\u0161etky spolo\u010dnosti. Okrem toho, \u017ee v dom\u00e1com prostred\u00ed mnoh\u00ed zamestnanci nemuseli venova\u0165 dostato\u010dn\u00fa pozornos\u0165 z\u00e1sad\u00e1m kybernetickej bezpe\u010dnosti, za\u010dali zlo\u010dinci vo ve\u013ekom zneu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 n\u00e1stroje umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00face pr\u00e1cu na dia\u013eku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mimoriadne ob\u013e\u00faben\u00fdm ter\u010dom sa stali protokoly na vzdialen\u00fa spr\u00e1vu RDP, do ktor\u00fdch sa \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci sna\u017eili nab\u00fara\u0165 h\u00e1dan\u00edm hesiel hrubou silou. Po\u010das pand\u00e9mie prekonali pokusy o \u00fatok cez RDP v\u0161etky rekordy. Iba za rok 2021 sa pod\u013ea telemetrick\u00fdch \u00fadajov spolo\u010dnosti ESET pohybovali v stovk\u00e1ch mili\u00e1rd.    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zranite\u013enosti ako sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a\u010de re\u0165azov\u00fdch probl\u00e9mov<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u010eal\u0161ou bezpe\u010dnostnou v\u00fdzvou, ktor\u00e1 nabrala na intenzite v uplynul\u00fdch rokoch, s\u00fa zranite\u013enosti. Ide o nezabezpe\u010den\u00e9 miesta v softv\u00e9roch \u010di aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017eu \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci zneu\u017ei\u0165. Len v poslednom roku bolo zaznamenan\u00fdch najviac zero-day zranite\u013enost\u00ed v hist\u00f3rii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

E\u0161te v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m nast\u00e1va, ke\u010f sa zranite\u013enos\u0165 nach\u00e1dza v n\u00e1strojoch, ktor\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edva ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo firiem. Ned\u00e1vnym pr\u00edkladom bol re\u0165azec zranite\u013enost\u00ed ProxyShell v e-mailov\u00fdch serveroch Microsoft Exchange \u010di kritick\u00e1 zranite\u013enos\u0165 Log4Shell v softv\u00e9rovej kni\u017enici Log4J. Tieto v tom \u010dase novovzniknut\u00e9 zranite\u013enosti za\u010dali vo ve\u013ekom zneu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci po celom svete u\u017e v priebehu nieko\u013ek\u00fdch hod\u00edn na prieniky do firiem, ktor\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvali spom\u00ednan\u00e9 slu\u017eby. Tieto pr\u00edpady iba zd\u00f4raznili potrebu pravideln\u00fdch aktualiz\u00e1ci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 okrem in\u00fdch vylep\u0161en\u00ed poskytuj\u00fa z\u00e1platy na zranite\u013enosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ransomv\u00e9r u\u017e nie je iba o \u0161ifrovan\u00ed<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ke\u010f sa povie hackersk\u00fd \u00fatok na firmu, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u013eud\u00ed si asi predstav\u00ed ransomv\u00e9r, ktor\u00fd za\u0161ifruje d\u00e1ta, a\u017e k\u00fdm obe\u0165 nezaplat\u00ed v\u00fdkupn\u00e9. U\u017e nejak\u00fd \u010das ale neplat\u00ed, \u017ee ransomv\u00e9r iba zablokuje s\u00fabory. Ransomv\u00e9rov\u00e9 gangy zmenili taktiku e\u0161te v roku 2019, ke\u010f Maze gang najprv ukradol citliv\u00e9 d\u00e1ta a vyhr\u00e1\u017eal sa obeti ich zverejnen\u00edm. Nie je prekvapen\u00edm, \u017ee t\u00fato techniku v priebehu nieko\u013ek\u00fdch t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov prevzali \u010fal\u0161ie hackersk\u00e9 skupiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Taktika vydierania zverejnen\u00edm citliv\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed je mimoriadne \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1, ke\u010f\u017ee \u00fanik d\u00e1t o z\u00e1kazn\u00edkoch pre firmy znamen\u00e1 reputa\u010dn\u00fa pohromu. Okrem toho m\u00f4\u017ee neustr\u00e1\u017eenie tak\u00fdchto \u00fadajov vies\u0165 k vysok\u00fdm pokut\u00e1m, napr\u00edklad v r\u00e1mci eur\u00f3pskej smernice o ochrane osobn\u00fdch \u00fadajov GDPR.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kybernetick\u00ed krimin\u00e1lnici obohatili ransomv\u00e9r o \u010fal\u0161ie n\u00e1tlakov\u00e9 formy, napr\u00edklad o vydieranie cez partnerov obete, DDoS \u00fatoky na webstr\u00e1nky \u010di takzvan\u00fd print bombing, techniku vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00facu ka\u017ed\u00fa dostupn\u00fa tla\u010diare\u0148 v sieti obete na vytla\u010denie \u017eiadosti o v\u00fdkupn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zdokonalenie ransomv\u00e9ru viedlo aj k dramatick\u00e9mu n\u00e1rastu v\u00fd\u0161ky v\u00fdkupn\u00e9ho, ktor\u00e9 po\u017eaduj\u00fa zlo\u010dineck\u00e9 skupiny. K\u00fdm pred 5 rokmi si p\u00fdtali za od\u0161ifrovanie po\u010d\u00edta\u010da stovky dol\u00e1rov, v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa sumy pohybuj\u00fa medzi stovkami tis\u00edc a\u017e desiatkami mili\u00f3nov dol\u00e1rov. Doposia\u013e najviac, 40-mili\u00f3nov dol\u00e1rov, zaplatila \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkom americk\u00e1 pois\u0165ov\u0148a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spom\u00ednan\u00e9 hrozby tvoria iba \u010das\u0165 v\u00fdziev, ktor\u00fdm \u010delia firmy pri kybernetickom zabezpe\u010den\u00ed. Jednotliv\u00fdm hrozb\u00e1m sa budeme podrobne venova\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00fd mesiac. Najbli\u017e\u0161ie si posvietime na hrozby zvn\u00fatra firmy. Dozviete sa napr\u00edklad, ak\u00e9 \u0161kody m\u00f4\u017ee firme nap\u00e1cha\u0165 vyhoden\u00fd zamestnanec.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pripravili sme pre v\u00e1s preh\u013ead najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdziev, ktor\u00fdm v digit\u00e1lnom svete \u010delia spolo\u010dnosti a ka\u017ed\u00fd mesiac sa bli\u017e\u0161ie pozrieme na jednu z nich.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":4206,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[141,105],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4204","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-10-najvacsich-hrozieb","category-firemna-bezpecnost"],"yoast_head":"\nPredstav\u00edme v\u00e1m 10 najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch hrozieb pre firmy | ESET<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ransomv\u00e9r, nahnevan\u00fd ex-zamestnanec \u010di kritick\u00e1 zranite\u013enos\u0165. 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