{"id":4993,"date":"2022-11-08T14:33:49","date_gmt":"2022-11-08T13:33:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bezpecnevofirme.eset.com\/sk\/?p=4993"},"modified":"2022-11-08T14:40:17","modified_gmt":"2022-11-08T13:40:17","slug":"siegeware-zabrante-hackerom-ovladnut-vasu-inteligentnu-budovu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bezpecnevofirme.eset.com\/sk\/firemna-bezpecnost\/siegeware-zabrante-hackerom-ovladnut-vasu-inteligentnu-budovu\/","title":{"rendered":"Siegeware: Zabr\u00e1\u0148te hackerom ovl\u00e1dnu\u0165 va\u0161u inteligentn\u00fa budovu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"Siegeware<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Po\u010duli ste niekedy o term\u00edne siegeware<\/strong>? Tento typ ransomv\u00e9ru existuje u\u017e nejak\u00fd \u010das, no hovor\u00ed sa o \u0148om len zriedka. \u00datoky na inteligentn\u00e9 budovy st\u00e1le nie s\u00fa be\u017enou z\u00e1le\u017eitos\u0165ou, ale \u010doraz \u010dastej\u0161ie probl\u00e9my s vy\u010d\u00ed\u0148aj\u00facim ransomv\u00e9rom to m\u00f4\u017eu zmeni\u0165. Pre\u010d\u00edtajte si o siegeware viac a zistite, ako sa tejto hrozbe vyhn\u00fa\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Predstavte si, \u017ee m\u00e1te pod palcom inteligentn\u00fa budovu. M\u00f4\u017ee \u00eds\u0165 o kancel\u00e1riu, bytov\u00fd komplex \u010di nemocnicu. Zrazu sa za\u010dn\u00fa vyn\u00e1ra\u0165 probl\u00e9my \u2013 dvere sa nechc\u00fa zamkn\u00fa\u0165 alebo odomkn\u00fa\u0165, ned\u00e1 sa ovl\u00e1da\u0165 k\u00farenie alebo sa zasek\u00e1vaj\u00fa v\u00fd\u0165ahy. Ak riadiaci syst\u00e9m nereaguje, m\u00f4\u017eete si n\u00e1js\u0165 spr\u00e1vu, ktor\u00e1 v\u00e1s vyz\u00fdva, aby ste okam\u017eite zaplatili v\u00fdkupn\u00e9, inak syst\u00e9m zostane vypnut\u00fd. Znie to nere\u00e1lne? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

S n\u00e1stupom siegeware a ransomv\u00e9ru, ktor\u00fd sa zameriava na inteligentn\u00e9 budovy<\/strong>, je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 vedie\u0165, \u017ee tak\u00fdto scen\u00e1r je naozaj mo\u017en\u00fd. Prev\u00e1dzkovatelia a vlastn\u00edci inteligentn\u00fdch budov by sa mali obozn\u00e1mi\u0165 s touto hrozbou a vedie\u0165, ako na \u0148u zareagova\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z ransomv\u00e9ru sa st\u00e1va siegeware<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

S internetom vec\u00ed (IoT) <\/strong>na vzostupe sa kybernetick\u00ed zlo\u010dinci vedia r\u00fdchlo zmocni\u0165 cudzieho majetku a pou\u017ei\u0165 ho na \u00fa\u010dely vydierania, \u010di u\u017e prostredn\u00edctvom po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov, telef\u00f3nov alebo \u00e1ut (v takomto pr\u00edpade hovor\u00edme o tzv. jackware<\/a>). Siegeware vyu\u017e\u00edva digit\u00e1lne syst\u00e9my sie\u0165ovo prepojenej budovy<\/strong> a v niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch tak\u00fdto pr\u00edstup sl\u00fa\u017ei aj na vyvolanie chaosu, napr\u00edklad preru\u0161en\u00edm dod\u00e1vky elektrickej energie, odstaven\u00edm v\u00fd\u0165ahov, vypnut\u00edm klimatiza\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov alebo v\u0161etk\u00e9ho naraz. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Majite\u013e budovy je potom n\u00faten\u00fd veri\u0165, \u017ee kontrolu nad syst\u00e9mom z\u00edska sp\u00e4\u0165 a\u017e po zaplaten\u00ed objemn\u00e9ho v\u00fdkupn\u00e9ho \u2013 to v\u0161ak situ\u00e1ciu v\u017edy nevyrie\u0161i. Z minul\u00fdch pr\u00edpadov je zn\u00e1me, \u017ee zlo\u010dinci len zriedkavo spr\u00edstupnili infikovan\u00e9 syst\u00e9my po spusten\u00ed siegeware. Pre niekoho m\u00f4\u017ee siegeware znie\u0165 ako nere\u00e1lny probl\u00e9m, no t\u00e1to hrozba existuje u\u017e dlh\u0161\u00ed \u010das.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Siegeware v re\u00e1lnom \u017eivote<\/strong>

Ved\u00faci pracovn\u00edk realitnej spolo\u010dnosti spravuj\u00facej desiatky budov v nieko\u013ek\u00fdch americk\u00fdch mest\u00e1ch dostal na svoj smartf\u00f3n nasleduj\u00facu spr\u00e1vu: \u201eNab\u00farali sme sa do v\u0161etk\u00fdch riadiacich syst\u00e9mov vo va\u0161ej budove na ulici XXX 400 a vypneme ich na tri dni, ak do 24 hod\u00edn nezaplat\u00edte 50 000 dol\u00e1rov v Bitcoinoch.\u201c Budova na danej adrese je jednou z nieko\u013ek\u00fdch zdravotn\u00edckych klin\u00edk v portf\u00f3liu spolo\u010dnosti, ktor\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa syst\u00e9my na automatiz\u00e1ciu budov (BAS) na dia\u013ekov\u00e9 ovl\u00e1danie vykurovania, klimatiz\u00e1cie a vetrania, ako aj po\u017eiarnych hl\u00e1si\u010dov a riadiacich syst\u00e9mov vr\u00e1tane osvetlenia \u010di zabezpe\u010denia. Spr\u00e1vca zvy\u010dajne na dia\u013eku riadi a\u017e osem r\u00f4znych syst\u00e9mov.

V spolo\u010dnosti postupovali prezieravo, vypracovali \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd pl\u00e1n reakcie na incident a na pokus o vydieranie nereagovali. Hoci sa s takouto situ\u00e1ciou doposia\u013e nestretli, IT t\u00edm dok\u00e1zal r\u00fdchlo implementova\u0165 potrebn\u00e9 opatrenia. Nakoniec bola ka\u017edodenn\u00e1 prev\u00e1dzka nemocnice naru\u0161en\u00e1 len do\u010dasne a incident nemal ve\u013ek\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky.

Zdroj: Blog We Live Security, 2019<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vzdialen\u00fd pr\u00edstup: Zdroj pohodlia \u010di nebezpe\u010denstva? <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

S rast\u00facim stup\u0148om automatiz\u00e1cie a pripojite\u013enosti je neopr\u00e1vnen\u00e9 preberanie kontroly nad ovl\u00e1dan\u00edm budov pomerne jednoduch\u00e9: \u00dato\u010dn\u00edkom sa cez internet sta\u010d\u00ed \u201elen\u201c nab\u00fara\u0165 do syst\u00e9mov na automatiz\u00e1ciu, aby mohli nad v\u0161etk\u00fdmi funkciami prebra\u0165 \u00fapln\u00fa kontrolu. Vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa mo\u017enosti vzdialen\u00e9ho pr\u00edstupu, ktor\u00fd aj pri ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1kladoch prin\u00e1\u0161a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd komfort. V dne\u0161nej dobe vedia technici rie\u0161i\u0165 probl\u00e9my \u010di implementova\u0165 nov\u00e9 nastavenia pomocou centr\u00e1lneho riadiaceho syst\u00e9mu z inej \u010dasti krajiny. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Probl\u00e9m nast\u00e1va, ke\u010f je vyu\u017e\u00edvanie vzdialen\u00e9ho pr\u00edstupu zameran\u00e9 na v\u00fdkon, nie bezpe\u010dnos\u0165<\/strong>. V\u00fdrobcovia sa v r\u00e1mci ochrany pr\u00edstupu \u010dasto spoliehaj\u00fa len na jednoduch\u00fa kombin\u00e1ciu pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00e9ho mena a hesla. Integrovan\u00e9 zabezpe\u010denie, obrann\u00e9 mechanizmy proti \u00fatokom hrubou silou alebo viac\u00farov\u0148ov\u00e9 overovanie (MFA) <\/strong>poskytuj\u00fa vy\u0161\u0161iu ochranu, ale pr\u00edli\u0161 \u010dasto sa vynech\u00e1vaj\u00fa z finan\u010dn\u00fdch d\u00f4vodov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mo\u017en\u00e9 obete siegeware sa h\u013eadaj\u00fa relat\u00edvne \u013eahko<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ako kybernetick\u00ed zlo\u010dinci prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa na svoje obete? Vyh\u013ead\u00e1va\u010d Shodan (www.shodan.io) predstavuje pomerne jednoduch\u00fd sp\u00f4sob. Pri vyh\u013eadan\u00ed skratky BAS sa objav\u00ed pribli\u017ene 11 095 potenci\u00e1lnych cie\u013eov po celom svete<\/a>, ku ktor\u00fdm sa mo\u017eno dosta\u0165 cez verejn\u00fa sie\u0165. 1 162 z nich sa nach\u00e1dza v USA (k 6.6.2022). V\u0161etky ciele s\u00fa preh\u013eadne vyp\u00edsan\u00e9 a je k nim doplnen\u00e9 mno\u017estvo \u010fal\u0161\u00edch \u00fadajov, od IP adresy a\u017e po inform\u00e1cie o protokole SSL a pou\u017eitom routeri. V roku 2015 pri\u0161la Michigansk\u00e1 univerzita s vyh\u013ead\u00e1va\u010dom Censys<\/a>, ktor\u00fd funguje podobne ako Shodan. Hackeri si v\u010faka nemu jednoducho vyh\u013eadaj\u00fa zariadenia pripojen\u00e9 na internet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S tak\u00fdmito inform\u00e1ciami a zoznamom obet\u00ed m\u00e1 \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk prakticky vo\u013en\u00fa ruku. V najjednoduch\u0161om pr\u00edpade sa pr\u00edstup pok\u00fasi z\u00edska\u0165 pomocou \u0161tandardn\u00fdch prihlasovac\u00edch mien a hesiel pre pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd typ syst\u00e9mu. Predvolen\u00e9 prihlasovacie \u00fadaje pre r\u00f4zne syst\u00e9my mo\u017eno n\u00e1js\u0165 na internete a, nane\u0161\u0165astie, mnoh\u00ed prev\u00e1dzkovatelia syst\u00e9mov na automatiz\u00e1ciu budov ich na\u010falej pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa <\/strong>bez toho, aby implementovali bezpe\u010dnej\u0161ie rie\u0161enie pr\u00edstupu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aj v pr\u00edpade zmeny prihlasovac\u00edch \u00fadajov \u010dasto neexistuje \u017eiadny syst\u00e9m upozornen\u00ed ani obmedzenie po\u010dtu ne\u00faspe\u0161n\u00fdch pokusov o prihl\u00e1senie, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje kybernetick\u00fdm zlo\u010dincom opakovane sa pok\u00fa\u0161a\u0165 nab\u00fara\u0165 do \u00fa\u010dtov, a\u017e k\u00fdm nie s\u00fa \u00faspe\u0161n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hackeri sa zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161a spoliehaj\u00fa na naj\u010dastej\u0161ie pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 prihlasovacie \u00fadaje a inform\u00e1cie z\u00edskan\u00e9 z dark webu alebo sa uchy\u013euj\u00fa k \u00fatokom hrubou silou<\/a> \u010di n\u00e1strojom na crackovanie. Tie s\u00fa ve\u013emi popul\u00e1rne a daj\u00fa sa \u013eahko n\u00e1js\u0165 na internete, navy\u0161e s\u00fa na \u010doraz vy\u0161\u0161ej \u00farovni. Ich pou\u017e\u00edvanie zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161a nevy\u017eaduje \u017eiadne \u00fasilie<\/strong>. V d\u00f4sledku toho m\u00f4\u017eu \u00fatoky prostredn\u00edctvom siegeware vykon\u00e1va\u0165 aj priemern\u00ed kybernetick\u00ed zlo\u010dinci bez rozsiahlych znalost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preberanie zodpovednosti za bezpe\u010dnos\u0165<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ako m\u00f4\u017eete zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 riziko tak\u00fdchto \u00fatokov? Podstatn\u00e9 s\u00fa dve ot\u00e1zky: Ak\u00fd vysok\u00fd je stupe\u0148 automatiz\u00e1cie technol\u00f3gi\u00ed budov a ako dobre je chr\u00e1nen\u00fd pr\u00edstup k syst\u00e9mom?<\/strong> Stavitelia, spr\u00e1vcovia nehnute\u013enost\u00ed a dod\u00e1vatelia by si mali sadn\u00fa\u0165 za jeden st\u00f4l a prediskutova\u0165 probl\u00e9my spojen\u00e9 so zabezpe\u010den\u00edm a vzdialen\u00fdm pr\u00edstupom. Hoci je pohodln\u00e9 kedyko\u013evek vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 technol\u00f3giu vzdialen\u00e9ho pr\u00edstupu len na z\u00e1klade webov\u00e9ho prihl\u00e1senia, spr\u00e1vca \u010di vlastn\u00edk \u010dasto nem\u00e1 dostato\u010dn\u00e9 vedomosti o hroziacich nebezpe\u010denstv\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pri pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed syst\u00e9mov BAS by si v\u0161etky z\u00fa\u010dastnen\u00e9 strany mali polo\u017ei\u0165 nasledovn\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  • Zmenili sme predvolen\u00e9 prihlasovacie \u00fadaje na bezpe\u010dnej\u0161iu kombin\u00e1ciu jedine\u010dn\u00e9ho prihlasovacieho mena a hesla \u010di pr\u00edstupov\u00fa fr\u00e1zu?            <\/li>
  • S\u00fa prihlasovacie \u00fadaje chr\u00e1nen\u00e9 firewallom?<\/li>
  • Je pr\u00edstup zabezpe\u010den\u00fd viac\u00farov\u0148ov\u00fdm overovan\u00edm?<\/li>
  • Je nastaven\u00e9 obmedzenie ne\u00faspe\u0161n\u00fdch pokusov o prihl\u00e1senie vr\u00e1tane blokovania?<\/li>
  • Dost\u00e1vame upozornenie pri ka\u017edom ne\u00faspe\u0161nom pokuse o prihl\u00e1senie?<\/li>
  • Existuje obmedzen\u00fd zoznam os\u00f4b s pr\u00edstupom k syst\u00e9mom BAS?<\/li>
  • M\u00e1me s dod\u00e1vate\u013eom podp\u00edsan\u00fa zmluvu o \u00fadr\u017ebe, ktor\u00e1 mu stanovuje pravidelne aktualizova\u0165 n\u00e1\u0161 softv\u00e9r?<\/li>
  • Odp\u00e1jame syst\u00e9m od internetu, ke\u010f je pripojenie nepotrebn\u00e9?<\/li>
  • Pripravili sme pl\u00e1n reakcie na incidenty, aby sme v pr\u00edpade v\u00fdskytu ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek probl\u00e9mu vedeli, na koho sa obr\u00e1ti\u0165 a \u010do robi\u0165?<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Ak je odpove\u010f na niektor\u00fa z t\u00fdchto ot\u00e1zok z\u00e1porn\u00e1, je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee va\u0161e syst\u00e9my na automatiz\u00e1ciu budov s\u00fa zranite\u013en\u00e9 vo\u010di kybernetick\u00fdm \u00fatokom. Siegeware v\u00e1m nielen\u017ee m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 rozli\u010dn\u00e9 nepr\u00edjemnosti, ale rie\u0161enie tak\u00e9hoto \u00fatoku v\u00e1s m\u00f4\u017ee sta\u0165 i obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estvo pe\u0148az\u00ed. Ak sa o incidente za\u010dne verejne diskutova\u0165, napadnut\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 vn\u00edman\u00e1 ako nespo\u013eahliv\u00e1 alebo nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1. Majitelia budov m\u00f4\u017eu \u010deli\u0165 aj s\u00fadnemu konaniu a vysok\u00fdm pokut\u00e1m<\/strong>. Siegeware ovplyvn\u00ed omnoho viac ne\u017e len to, \u017ee sa na chv\u00ed\u013eu zablokuje nieko\u013eko dver\u00ed alebo odstav\u00ed k\u00farenie. Oplat\u00ed sa preto obozn\u00e1mi\u0165 sa s pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdmi rizikami a sna\u017ei\u0165 sa chr\u00e1ni\u0165 svoje syst\u00e9my.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u00datoky na\u00a0inteligentn\u00e9 budovy st\u00e1le nie s\u00fa be\u017enou z\u00e1le\u017eitos\u0165ou, ale \u010doraz \u010dastej\u0161ie probl\u00e9my s\u00a0vy\u010d\u00ed\u0148aj\u00facim ransomv\u00e9rom to m\u00f4\u017eu zmeni\u0165.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":4995,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[140,105],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4993","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-desifrujeme-pre-vas","category-firemna-bezpecnost"],"yoast_head":"\nSiegeware: Zabr\u00e1\u0148te hackerom ovl\u00e1dnu\u0165 va\u0161u budovu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ak sa vo va\u0161ej inteligentnej budove zrazu nedaj\u00fa odomkn\u00fa\u0165 dvere, nefunguje ovl\u00e1danie 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