{"id":5095,"date":"2023-01-09T14:56:19","date_gmt":"2023-01-09T13:56:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bezpecnevofirme.eset.com\/sk\/?p=5095"},"modified":"2023-01-09T15:11:52","modified_gmt":"2023-01-09T14:11:52","slug":"nova-europska-smernica-nis2-potrebny-zaklad-pre-spolocnu-kyberneticku-bezpecnost","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bezpecnevofirme.eset.com\/sk\/firemna-bezpecnost\/nova-europska-smernica-nis2-potrebny-zaklad-pre-spolocnu-kyberneticku-bezpecnost\/","title":{"rendered":"Nov\u00e1 eur\u00f3pska smernica NIS2: Potrebn\u00fd z\u00e1klad pre spolo\u010dn\u00fa kybernetick\u00fa bezpe\u010dnos\u0165"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"BVF<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Eur\u00f3psky z\u00e1konodarcovia prijali koncom minul\u00e9ho roka k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa smernicu o bezpe\u010dnosti siet\u00ed a informa\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov NIS2. Nov\u00fd pr\u00e1vny r\u00e1mec m\u00e1 za cie\u013e posilni\u0165 odolnos\u0165 organiz\u00e1ci\u00ed vo\u010di kybernetick\u00fdm hrozb\u00e1m naprie\u010d celou Eur\u00f3pskou \u00faniou. Ide o reakciu na rast\u00facu z\u00e1vislos\u0165 kritickej infra\u0161trukt\u00fary od digitaliz\u00e1cie a s \u0148ou sp\u00e4t\u00fa vy\u0161\u0161iu mieru vystavenia digit\u00e1lnym rizik\u00e1m. Mnoh\u00e9 firmy tak musia prija\u0165 nov\u00e9 technick\u00e9 aj prev\u00e1dzkov\u00e9 opatrenia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ochrana kritickej infra\u0161trukt\u00fary<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Novoprijat\u00e1 smernica<\/a> nahr\u00e1dza p\u00f4vodn\u00fa smernicu o bezpe\u010dnosti siet\u00ed a informa\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov, ktor\u00e1 bola predstaven\u00e1 v roku 2016 ako v\u00f4bec prv\u00fd celoeur\u00f3psky pr\u00e1vny predpis o kybernetickej bezpe\u010dnosti. Smernica NIS2 zav\u00e1dza \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed rozsah p\u00f4sobnosti pravidiel, ktor\u00e9 sa tak dotkn\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ieho po\u010dtu subjektov z kriticky d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdch sektorov verejnej aj s\u00fakromnej sf\u00e9ry, ako s\u00fa energetika, doprava, bankovn\u00edctvo, pitn\u00e1 voda, odpadov\u00e9 vody a in\u00e9. Nov\u00e9 povinnosti sa zav\u00e1dzaj\u00fa aj pre subjekty v in\u00fdch kritick\u00fdch odvetviach, napr\u00edklad v\u00fdroba, potravin\u00e1rstvo, chemick\u00fd priemysel, odpadov\u00e9 hospod\u00e1rstvo \u010di po\u0161tov\u00e9 a kuri\u00e9rske slu\u017eby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podniky klasifikovan\u00e9 ako kriticky d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 bud\u00fa musie\u0165 na dosiahnutie s\u00faladu so smernicou NIS2 prija\u0165 technick\u00e9 aj prev\u00e1dzkov\u00e9 opatrenia zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00face rie\u0161enie incidentov, zabezpe\u010denie dod\u00e1vate\u013esk\u00e9ho re\u0165azca, \u0161ifrovanie a zverej\u0148ovanie inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o zranite\u013enostiach, primeran\u00fa anal\u00fdzu riz\u00edk, testovanie a audit strat\u00e9gi\u00ed kybernetickej bezpe\u010dnosti a pl\u00e1novanie kr\u00edzov\u00e9ho riadenia s cie\u013eom zabezpe\u010di\u0165 kontinuitu podnikania.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V pr\u00edpade bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9ho incidentu bud\u00fa tieto subjekty povinn\u00e9 poskytn\u00fa\u0165 prvotn\u00e9 ozn\u00e1menie do 24 hod\u00edn a podrobnej\u0161ie inform\u00e1cie do 72 hod\u00edn. Za nedodr\u017eiavanie smernice NIS2 hrozia pokuty, ako aj pozastavenie certifik\u00e1cie a vyvodenie osobnej zodpovednosti na ved\u00facich poz\u00edci\u00e1ch v s\u00falade s vn\u00fatro\u0161t\u00e1tnymi pr\u00e1vnymi predpismi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Smernicou sa tie\u017e zria\u010fuje Eur\u00f3pska sie\u0165 sty\u010dn\u00fdch organiz\u00e1ci\u00ed pre kybernetick\u00e9 kr\u00edzy, EU-CyCLONe<\/a>, ktor\u00e1 umo\u017en\u00ed spolupr\u00e1cu medzi vn\u00fatro\u0161t\u00e1tnymi agent\u00farami a org\u00e1nmi zodpovedn\u00fdmi za kybernetick\u00fa bezpe\u010dnos\u0165. Ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlensk\u00fd \u0161t\u00e1t bude takisto povinn\u00fd jasne ur\u010di\u0165 jednotn\u00fd kontakt na nahlasovanie bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch incidentov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Musia NIS2 dodr\u017eiava\u0165 aj mal\u00e9 a stredn\u00e9 podniky (SME)?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V smernici NIS2 sa zav\u00e1dza pravidlo, v r\u00e1mci ktor\u00e9ho v\u0161etky stredn\u00e9 a ve\u013ek\u00e9 podniky (small and medium enterprises) definovan\u00e9 v r\u00e1mci odpor\u00fa\u010dania Eur\u00f3pskej komisie \u010d. 2003\/361\/ES<\/a> a p\u00f4sobiace v pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch odvetviach alebo poskytuj\u00face slu\u017eby, na ktor\u00e9 sa vz\u0165ahuje smernica, bud\u00fa patri\u0165 do jej p\u00f4sobnosti. Z povinnosti dodr\u017eiava\u0165 nov\u00e9 pravidl\u00e1 s\u00fa s\u00edce mal\u00e9 podniky a mikropodniky vy\u0148at\u00e9, ale niektor\u00e9 v\u00fdnimky sa vz\u0165ahuj\u00fa napr\u00edklad na men\u0161ie firmy v odvetviach elektronick\u00fdch komunika\u010dn\u00fdch siet\u00ed alebo verejn\u00fdch elektronick\u00fdch komunika\u010dn\u00fdch slu\u017eieb, poskytovate\u013eov d\u00f4veryhodn\u00fdch slu\u017eieb alebo registrov dom\u00e9n najvy\u0161\u0161ej \u00farovne (TLD).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mal\u00e9 a stredn\u00e9 podniky sa \u010doraz \u010dastej\u0161ie st\u00e1vaj\u00fa ter\u010dom \u00fatokov na dod\u00e1vate\u013esk\u00fd re\u0165azec z d\u00f4vodu obmedzen\u00fdch bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch zdrojov. Tak\u00e9to \u00fatoky m\u00f4\u017eu n\u00e1sledne negat\u00edvne ovplyvni\u0165 aj v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie subjekty, ktor\u00fdm s\u00fa dod\u00e1vky poskytovan\u00e9. \u010clensk\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty by mali prostredn\u00edctvom svojich vn\u00fatro\u0161t\u00e1tnych strat\u00e9gi\u00ed kybernetickej bezpe\u010dnosti pom\u00e1ha\u0165 mal\u00fdm a stredn\u00fdm podnikom pri rie\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdziev, ktor\u00fdm \u010delia v r\u00e1mci pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch dod\u00e1vate\u013esk\u00fdch re\u0165azcov. \u010clensk\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty by mali pre mal\u00e9 a stredn\u00e9 podniky sprostredkova\u0165 kontaktn\u00e9 miesto na n\u00e1rodnej alebo region\u00e1lnej \u00farovni, ktor\u00e9 by im poskytovalo potrebn\u00e9 usmernenia a pomoc alebo by ich nasmerovalo na pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 org\u00e1ny v ot\u00e1zkach s\u00favisiacich s kybernetickou bezpe\u010dnos\u0165ou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V marci minul\u00e9ho roka aliancia European DIGITAL SME Alliance<\/a>, najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia sie\u0165 SME v E\u00da v oblasti informa\u010dn\u00fdch a komunika\u010dn\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00ed, zverejnila svoje stanovisko<\/a> ku konzult\u00e1cii o n\u00e1vrhu NIS2, v ktorom nov\u00fa smernicu uv\u00edtala, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 upozornila na jej nepriamy vplyv na mal\u00e9 a stredn\u00e9 podniky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

James Philpot, projektov\u00fd mana\u017e\u00e9r pre DIGITAL SME, v rozhovore so spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou ESET poznamenal, \u017ee prv\u00fdm krokom, ktor\u00fd by mali podniky urobi\u0165, aby si osvojili konkr\u00e9tne postupy na posilnenie kybernetickej bezpe\u010dnosti, je pozrie\u0165 sa na pr\u00edru\u010dky a odpor\u00fa\u010dania pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho n\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho centra kybernetickej bezpe\u010dnosti a agent\u00fary ENISA. Pr\u00edstup k spr\u00e1vnym inform\u00e1ci\u00e1m v\u0161ak nie je jednotn\u00fd, ke\u010f\u017ee r\u00f4zne \u010dlensk\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty poskytuj\u00fa r\u00f4zne zdroje. Nov\u00e1 smernica NIS2 v\u0161ak \u0161t\u00e1tom naria\u010fuje, aby zabezpe\u010dili potrebn\u00fa podporu a zdroje, najm\u00e4 pokia\u013e ide o poskytovanie inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o rozsahu p\u00f4sobnosti tejto legislat\u00edvy a o tom, \u010di sa na konkr\u00e9tnych z\u00e1kazn\u00edkov bude vz\u0165ahova\u0165, aby si podniky dok\u00e1zali potrebn\u00e9 kroky v\u010das napl\u00e1nova\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Premena v\u00fdziev na pr\u00edle\u017eitosti<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Philpot zd\u00f4raznil, \u017ee subjekty v dolnej \u010dasti dod\u00e1vate\u013esk\u00e9ho re\u0165azca bud\u00fa pravdepodobne zasiahnut\u00e9 najviac, pri\u010dom niektor\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti ani nemaj\u00fa osvojen\u00e9 potrebn\u00e9 technick\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti a hlavne pre ne m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 pochopi\u0165 po\u017eiadavky na pod\u00e1vanie ozn\u00e1men\u00ed o incidentoch a aj to, ako sa smernica NIS2 prel\u00edna s in\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vnymi predpismi<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dodal v\u0161ak, \u017ee celkovo mus\u00edme myslie\u0165 pozit\u00edvne a \u017ee \u00fasilie o zlep\u0161enie \u00farovne kybernetickej bezpe\u010dnosti v eur\u00f3pskych firm\u00e1ch je vo v\u0161eobecnosti v\u00edtan\u00e9. Philpot upozornil, \u017ee d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm aspektom bude \u00farove\u0148 implement\u00e1cie a podpory, ako aj celkov\u00fd pr\u00edstup a riadenie tejto problematiky, ke\u010f\u017ee pr\u00e1ve to v kone\u010dnom d\u00f4sledku rozhodne, \u010di nov\u00e1 legislat\u00edva mal\u00fdm a stredn\u00fdm podnikom pom\u00f4\u017ee alebo sa stane len regula\u010dnou z\u00e1\u0165a\u017eou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 ESET a aliancia DIGITAL SME s\u00fa presved\u010den\u00e9, \u017ee tento nov\u00fd pr\u00e1vny r\u00e1mec m\u00f4\u017ee predstavova\u0165 ist\u00fa pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165. Philpot sa vyjadril, \u017ee v Eur\u00f3pe m\u00e1me k dispoz\u00edcii technick\u00e9 rie\u0161enia na zabezpe\u010denie po\u017eadovanej \u00farovne kybernetickej bezpe\u010dnosti, ale podniky sa musia vyhn\u00fa\u0165 h\u013eadaniu toho najlukrat\u00edvnej\u0161ieho mena \u010di najlacnej\u0161ej ponuky, ktor\u00e1 zvy\u010dajne prich\u00e1dza z kraj\u00edn mimo Eur\u00f3py. Preto je pod\u013ea neho tak\u00e9 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 prepoji\u0165 podporu a zdroje, aby t\u00e1to legislat\u00edva priniesla svoje ovocie a posilnila eur\u00f3pske inov\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Firmy sa m\u00f4\u017eu v pr\u00edpade nedostato\u010dnej pomoci od in\u00fdch vn\u00fatro\u0161t\u00e1tnych org\u00e1nov obr\u00e1ti\u0165 aj na miestne \u0161pecializovan\u00e9 t\u00edmy pre rie\u0161enie po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch incidentov (CSIRT)<\/a> alebo vyu\u017ei\u0165 r\u00f4zne zdroje, ako napr\u00edklad pr\u00edru\u010dku DIGITAL SME\/SBS<\/a>, pr\u00edru\u010dku DIGITAL SME o kontrol\u00e1ch informa\u010dnej bezpe\u010dnosti<\/a> alebo certifik\u00e1cie kybernetickej bezpe\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Smerovanie k bezpe\u010dnej\u0161\u00edm firm\u00e1m<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Spr\u00e1va o n\u00e1lad\u00e1ch firiem v oblasti digit\u00e1lnej bezpe\u010dnosti<\/a> od spolo\u010dnosti ESET uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee hoci 83 % mal\u00fdch a stredn\u00fdch podnikov ver\u00ed, \u017ee kybernetick\u00fd zlo\u010din predstavuje ve\u013emi re\u00e1lnu hrozbu, a 71 % m\u00e1 primeran\u00fa a\u017e vysok\u00fa d\u00e1vku d\u00f4very vo svoju schopnos\u0165 zisti\u0165 hlavn\u00fa pr\u00ed\u010dinu kybernetick\u00fdch \u00fatokov, 43 % MSP pova\u017euje za prim\u00e1rny d\u00f4vod ob\u00e1v nedostato\u010dn\u00fa informovanos\u0165 zamestnancov, pri\u010dom len 32 % skuto\u010dn\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edva rie\u0161enia EDR (rie\u0161enia na detekciu a reakciu na \u00fatoky na koncov\u00e9 zariadenia), ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa priamo ur\u010den\u00e9 na pomoc v tejto oblasti<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ako Philpot v rozhovore so spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou ESET tie\u017e poznamenal, n\u00e1sledky bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch incidentov s\u00fa pre mal\u00e9 a stredn\u00e9 podniky dobre zn\u00e1me a ide najm\u00e4 o \u00faniky \u00fadajov, zna\u010dn\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00e9 \u0161kody a stratu d\u00f4very z\u00e1kazn\u00edkov. Dodal, \u017ee zo \u0161ir\u0161ieho h\u013eadiska teda mus\u00edme na smernicu NIS2 nazera\u0165 pozit\u00edvne, preto\u017ee bude prinajmen\u0161om zohr\u00e1va\u0165 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu pri zvy\u0161ovan\u00ed povedomia o tejto oblasti, a to aj v pr\u00edpade t\u00fdch spolo\u010dnost\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa povinn\u00e9 ju dodr\u017eiava\u0165, no st\u00e1le sa m\u00f4\u017eu nie\u010do dozvedie\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Smernica NIS2 nadobudne \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 a\u017e po\u00a0tom, ako ju \u010dlensk\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty E\u00da transponuj\u00fa do\u00a0svojich vn\u00fatro\u0161t\u00e1tnych pr\u00e1vnych predpisov, najnesk\u00f4r to musia stihn\u00fa\u0165 do okt\u00f3bra\u00a02024. Napriek tomu sa na\u00a0\u0148u m\u00f4\u017eu organiz\u00e1cie chcie\u0165 pripravi\u0165 s\u00a0predstihom, a\u00a0to nielen z\u00a0d\u00f4vodu jej v\u010dasnej implement\u00e1cie, ale aj otestovania r\u00f4znych osved\u010den\u00fdch postupov v\u00a0oblasti polit\u00edk kontroly, ako aj\u00a0rie\u0161enia incidentov a\u00a0ich spr\u00e1vneho hl\u00e1senia. Smernica NIS2 predov\u0161etk\u00fdm definuje minim\u00e1lnu \u00farove\u0148 kybernetickej bezpe\u010dnosti naprie\u010d Eur\u00f3pou a\u00a0mali by sme ju vn\u00edma\u0165 ako dobr\u00fd z\u00e1klad, na\u00a0ktorom sa d\u00e1 stava\u0165, nie ako vrchol n\u00e1\u0161ho sna\u017eenia v\u00a0tejto oblasti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nov\u00e1 smernica m\u00e1 za cie\u013e posilni\u0165 odolnos\u0165 organiz\u00e1ci\u00ed vo\u010di kybernetick\u00fdm hrozb\u00e1m naprie\u010d celou E\u00da.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":5098,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[140,105],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5095","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-desifrujeme-pre-vas","category-firemna-bezpecnost"],"yoast_head":"\nSmernica NIS2: Potrebn\u00fd z\u00e1klad pre bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 E\u00da | ESET<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Smernica NIS2 m\u00e1 za cie\u013e posilni\u0165 odolnos\u0165 firiem vo\u010di kybernetick\u00fdm hrozb\u00e1m naprie\u010d celou E\u00da. 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