{"id":6012,"date":"2024-09-05T11:22:55","date_gmt":"2024-09-05T09:22:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bezpecnevofirme.eset.com\/sk\/?p=6012"},"modified":"2024-09-05T11:22:56","modified_gmt":"2024-09-05T09:22:56","slug":"ako-funguje-pegasus-co-su-zero-click-utoky-a-ako-sa-chranit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bezpecnevofirme.eset.com\/sk\/firemna-bezpecnost\/ako-funguje-pegasus-co-su-zero-click-utoky-a-ako-sa-chranit\/","title":{"rendered":"Ako funguje Pegasus, \u010do s\u00fa zero-click \u00fatoky a ako sa chr\u00e1ni\u0165?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"BVF<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Softv\u00e9r Pegasus vyvinut\u00fd izraelskou spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou NSO Group je jedn\u00fdm z najsofistikovanej\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1strojov na \u0161pehovanie mobiln\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed. Pod\u013ea v\u00fdrobcu je ur\u010den\u00fd pre vl\u00e1dne a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 agent\u00fary na sledovanie os\u00f4b podozriv\u00fdch napr\u00edklad z\u00a0terorizmu, no zdokumentovan\u00e9 bolo mno\u017estvo pr\u00edpadov zneu\u017eitia proti novin\u00e1rom, aktivistom \u010di opoz\u00edcii a\u00a0to ako v\u00a0autorit\u00e1rskych, tak aj demokratick\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch vr\u00e1tane kraj\u00edn E\u00da.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ako funguje Pegasus?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pegasus je \u0161kodliv\u00fd softv\u00e9r, ktor\u00fd sa dok\u00e1\u017ee infiltrova\u0165 do mobiln\u00e9ho zariadenia obete a\u00a0z\u00edska\u0165 tak pr\u00edstup k\u00a0v\u0161etk\u00fdm jej d\u00e1tam. Ide o tzv. spyv\u00e9r<\/strong> \u2013 softv\u00e9r navrhnut\u00fd na tich\u00e9 sledovanie a zhroma\u017e\u010fovanie \u00fadajov z cie\u013eov\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed bez vedomia pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea. Pegasus vyu\u017e\u00edva zranite\u013enosti opera\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov ako iOS a Android, pri\u010dom \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci sa zameriavaj\u00fa aj na zero-day zranite\u013enosti, bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 chyby v syst\u00e9moch, o\u00a0ktor\u00fdch v\u00a0danej chv\u00edli nevedia ich v\u00fdrobcovia. Pegasus inform\u00e1cie o zranite\u013enostiach \u010dasto z\u00edskava z temn\u00fdch z\u00e1kut\u00ed internetu, kde ich kyberzlo\u010dinci mimoriadne draho spe\u0148a\u017euj\u00fa. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po \u00faspe\u0161nej infekcii Pegasus m\u00f4\u017ee z\u00edska\u0165 pr\u00edstup k r\u00f4znym \u010dastiam opera\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. Medzi jeho najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161ie schopnosti patr\u00ed zaznamen\u00e1vanie telef\u00f3nnych hovorov a \u010d\u00edtanie spr\u00e1v, vr\u00e1tane SMS, e-mailov a spr\u00e1v z end-to-end \u0161ifrovan\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed ako WhatsApp \u010di Signal. Pegasus dok\u00e1\u017ee taktie\u017e z\u00edska\u0165 pr\u00edstup k s\u00faborom ulo\u017een\u00fdm v zariaden\u00ed, sledova\u0165 polohu zariadenia v re\u00e1lnom \u010dase a dokonca aktivova\u0165 mikrof\u00f3n \u010di kameru, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje nahr\u00e1va\u0165 fyzick\u00e9 rozhovory a sn\u00edma\u0165 okolie pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento softv\u00e9r je navrhnut\u00fd tak, aby bol ve\u013emi \u0165a\u017eko detekovate\u013en\u00fd. Pou\u017e\u00edva r\u00f4zne techniky maskovania, aby sa vyhol detekcii bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdmi n\u00e1strojmi. Po splnen\u00ed svojej \u00falohy dok\u00e1\u017ee odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 v\u0161etky stopy svojej pr\u00edtomnosti alebo sa dokonca samode\u0161truova\u0165, \u010d\u00edm sa zni\u017euje pravdepodobnos\u0165 odhalenia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010co s\u00fa zero-click \u00fatoky? <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Jedn\u00fdm z najnebezpe\u010dnej\u0161\u00edch sp\u00f4sobov, ak\u00fdm Pegasus dok\u00e1\u017ee infikova\u0165 zariadenie, je tzv. zero-click \u00fatok<\/strong>. Tento typ \u00fatoku je v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00fd t\u00fdm, \u017ee na \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9 infikovanie zariadenia nevy\u017eaduje \u017eiadnu akciu pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea. Zero-click \u00fatoky vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa zranite\u013enosti v sp\u00f4sobe, ak\u00fdm zariadenie automaticky spracov\u00e1va prijat\u00e9 \u00fadaje, ako s\u00fa spr\u00e1vy alebo notifik\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Napr\u00edklad, ke\u010f dostanete spr\u00e1vu cez iMessage alebo in\u00fd komunika\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj, v\u00e1\u0161 telef\u00f3n automaticky spracov\u00e1va jej obsah, aby v\u00e1m mohol zobrazi\u0165 n\u00e1h\u013ead. Ak sa v tomto procese nach\u00e1dza zranite\u013enos\u0165, \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci m\u00f4\u017eu t\u00fato slabinu vyu\u017ei\u0165 na spustenie \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho k\u00f3du bez toho, aby ste museli spr\u00e1vu otvori\u0165 alebo na \u0148u klikn\u00fa\u0165. V pr\u00edpade Pegasusu sa tento k\u00f3d dok\u00e1\u017ee nain\u0161talova\u0165 do v\u00e1\u0161ho zariadenia a prevzia\u0165 nad n\u00edm kontrolu. Tento proces je obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 zradn\u00fd, preto\u017ee sa nemus\u00ed objavi\u0165 \u017eiadny vidite\u013en\u00fd n\u00e1znak, \u017ee bolo zariadenie napadnut\u00e9, alebo \u017ee ste v\u00f4bec nejak\u00fa spr\u00e1vu dostali.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ako sa chr\u00e1ni\u0165?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ke\u010f\u017ee zero-click \u00fatoky s\u00fa mimoriadne sofistikovan\u00e9 a nevy\u017eaduj\u00fa si \u017eiadnu interakciu zo strany pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea, ochrana pred nimi m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 zlo\u017eit\u00e1. Existuj\u00fa v\u0161ak kroky, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eete podnikn\u00fa\u0165, aby ste minimalizovali riziko. Najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edm opatren\u00edm je udr\u017eiavanie v\u00e1\u0161ho opera\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu a aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed v\u017edy aktu\u00e1lnych.<\/strong> V\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri pravidelne vyd\u00e1vaj\u00fa bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 z\u00e1platy, ktor\u00e9 opravuj\u00fa zisten\u00e9 zranite\u013enosti, a ak v\u00e1\u0161 telef\u00f3n pou\u017e\u00edva najnov\u0161\u00ed softv\u00e9r, je men\u0161ia \u0161anca, \u017ee bude zranite\u013en\u00fd vo\u010di \u00fatokom, ako je Pegasus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na zariadeniach s\u00a0opera\u010dn\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom iOS aktivujte \u0161peci\u00e1lny bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fd re\u017eim Lockdown mode<\/strong>. Blokuje potenci\u00e1lne zranite\u013en\u00e9 funkcie, ako s\u00fa prich\u00e1dzaj\u00face spr\u00e1vy s pr\u00edlohami, FaceTime hovory od nezn\u00e1mych os\u00f4b, a obmedzuje zlo\u017eit\u00e9 webov\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie, ktor\u00e9 by mohli by\u0165 zneu\u017eit\u00e9 na spustenie \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho k\u00f3du bez interakcie pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea. T\u00fdm minimalizuje mo\u017enosti, cez ktor\u00e9 by Pegasus mohol prenikn\u00fa\u0165 do zariadenia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokia\u013e to opera\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m umo\u017e\u0148uje, zv\u00e1\u017ete tie\u017e in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017eu detegova\u0165 podozriv\u00fa aktivitu na va\u0161om zariaden\u00ed. Napriek tomu, \u017ee Pegasus je navrhnut\u00fd tak, aby sa vyhol detekcii, niektor\u00e9 pokro\u010dil\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje s\u00fa schopn\u00e9 identifikova\u0165 nezvy\u010dajn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vanie syst\u00e9mu, \u010di in\u00e9 artefakty, ktor\u00e9 by mohli nazna\u010dova\u0165 pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 malv\u00e9ru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010eal\u0161ie opatrenie, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 v\u00a0ochrane pred \u0161pion\u00e1\u017enym softv\u00e9rom, je pravideln\u00e9 re\u0161tartovanie zariadenia<\/strong>. \u0160kodliv\u00fd k\u00f3d m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 spusten\u00fd v pam\u00e4ti zariadenia, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee po re\u0161tarte sa do\u010dasn\u00e9 d\u00e1ta vyma\u017e\u00fa a spyv\u00e9r sa odstr\u00e1ni (ak nebol nain\u0161talovan\u00fd trvalo). Hoci nejde o\u00a0ultim\u00e1tne rie\u0161enie, lebo \u0161kodliv\u00fd k\u00f3d sa m\u00f4\u017ee znova nain\u0161talova\u0165, pravideln\u00e9 re\u0161tarty zni\u017euj\u00fa riziko dlhodobej pr\u00edtomnosti tak\u00e9hoto softv\u00e9ru na zariaden\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Taktie\u017e je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 by\u0165 opatrn\u00fd pri prij\u00edman\u00ed spr\u00e1v a e-mailov<\/strong>, najm\u00e4 od nezn\u00e1mych os\u00f4b alebo nezn\u00e1mych zdrojov. V niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch m\u00f4\u017eu \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci pou\u017ei\u0165 viacn\u00e1sobn\u00e9 vektory \u00fatoku, ktor\u00e9 zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa phishingov\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy alebo odkazy<\/a>, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa zdanlivo ne\u0161kodn\u00e9, no m\u00f4\u017eu vies\u0165 k \u010fal\u0161\u00edm infekci\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ak patr\u00edte medzi osoby, ktor\u00e9 by mohli by\u0165 zauj\u00edmav\u00fdm cie\u013eom pre Pegasus, ako napr\u00edklad novin\u00e1r alebo aktivista, zv\u00e1\u017ete pou\u017e\u00edvanie \u0161ifrovan\u00fdch komunika\u010dn\u00fdch n\u00e1strojov<\/strong> a zariaden\u00ed navrhnut\u00fdch s d\u00f4razom na bezpe\u010dnos\u0165. Rie\u0161en\u00edm m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 aj komunik\u00e1cia cez anal\u00f3gov\u00e9 zariadenie z\u00a0\u010d\u00edsla, ktor\u00e9 nie je verejne zn\u00e1me<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V pr\u00edpade, \u017ee m\u00e1te podozrenie, \u017ee by va\u0161e zariadenie mohlo by\u0165 infikovan\u00e9, existuj\u00fa \u0161peci\u00e1lne n\u00e1stroje, ako napr\u00edklad Mobile Verification Toolkit<\/em><\/a><\/strong> od Amnesty International, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu pom\u00f4c\u0165 detegova\u0165 pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 Pegasusu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1ver<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pegasus a\u00a0jeho zero-click \u00fatoky predstavuj\u00fa mimoriadne sofistikovan\u00fd typ kybernetick\u00fdch hrozieb, ktor\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017eu zasiahnu\u0165 aj t\u00fdch najopatrnej\u0161\u00edch pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov. Hoci je obrana proti nim n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1, dodr\u017eiavanie z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch opatren\u00ed, pravideln\u00e1 aktualiz\u00e1cia zariaden\u00ed a pou\u017e\u00edvanie pokro\u010dil\u00fdch bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch n\u00e1strojov m\u00f4\u017ee v\u00fdznamne zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 riziko infekcie. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0160pion\u00e1\u017eny n\u00e1stroj sa dok\u00e1\u017ee dosta\u0165 do zariadenia obete bez toho, aby na \u010doko\u013evek klikla. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":6014,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[140,105],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6012","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-desifrujeme-pre-vas","category-firemna-bezpecnost"],"yoast_head":"\nAko funguje Pegasus, zero-click \u00fatoky a ako sa chr\u00e1ni\u0165? | ESET<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Pegasus je \u0161pion\u00e1\u017eny softv\u00e9r, ktor\u00fd sa dok\u00e1\u017ee infiltrova\u0165 do mobiln\u00e9ho zariadenia obete a\u00a0z\u00edska\u0165 tak pr\u00edstup k\u00a0v\u0161etk\u00fdm jej d\u00e1tam.\" 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