{"id":6040,"date":"2024-10-09T16:14:10","date_gmt":"2024-10-09T14:14:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bezpecnevofirme.eset.com\/sk\/?p=6040"},"modified":"2024-10-09T16:14:10","modified_gmt":"2024-10-09T14:14:10","slug":"co-je-bezsuborovy-malver-a-ako-sa-mozete-chranit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bezpecnevofirme.eset.com\/sk\/firemna-bezpecnost\/desifrujeme-pre-vas\/co-je-bezsuborovy-malver-a-ako-sa-mozete-chranit\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010co je bezs\u00faborov\u00fd malv\u00e9r a ako sa m\u00f4\u017eete chr\u00e1ni\u0165?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"BVF<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Niektor\u00e9 formy malv\u00e9ru s\u00fa sofistikovanej\u0161ie ne\u017e in\u00e9 a\u00a0pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa r\u00f4zne met\u00f3dy vyh\u00fdbania sa detekcii. Bezs\u00faborov\u00fd malv\u00e9r <\/strong>sa intenz\u00edvne sna\u017e\u00ed vyhn\u00fa\u0165 odhaleniu bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdm softv\u00e9rom, pracuje len v\u00a0pam\u00e4ti po\u010d\u00edta\u010da a\u00a0nezanech\u00e1va fyzick\u00fa stopu na\u00a0pevnom disku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee na\u0161e zariadenia s\u00fa proti takejto hrozbe bezmocn\u00e9? Nie tak celkom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010co je bezs\u00faborov\u00fd malv\u00e9r?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Mnoh\u00e9 typy rod\u00edn malv\u00e9ru be\u017ene funguj\u00fa tak, \u017ee vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa \u0161kodliv\u00fa pr\u00edlohu, ktor\u00fa ke\u010f pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e otvor\u00ed, ne\u00famyselne umo\u017en\u00ed k\u00f3du vykon\u00e1va\u0165 ne\u017eiaducu \u010dinnos\u0165 bez jeho vedomia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00f3d m\u00f4\u017ee n\u00e1sledne infikova\u0165 r\u00f4zne \u010dasti syst\u00e9mu, nain\u0161talova\u0165 \u010fal\u0161ie \u0161kodliv\u00e9 k\u00f3dy, ako s\u00fa keyloggery alebo in\u00fd spyv\u00e9r, zablokova\u0165 pr\u00edstup k s\u00faborom alebo aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1m, zobrazova\u0165 \u0161kodliv\u00e9 reklamy a podobne. Predstavte si ho ako be\u017en\u00fd program, ktor\u00fd je nain\u0161talovan\u00fd v po\u010d\u00edta\u010di, ale p\u00f4sob\u00ed proti va\u0161im z\u00e1ujmom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bezs\u00faborov\u00fd malv\u00e9r je trochu in\u00fd. Namiesto toho, aby bol ulo\u017een\u00fd na disku po\u010d\u00edta\u010da, p\u00f4sob\u00ed \u0161kodlivo v\u00fdlu\u010dne po na\u010d\u00edtan\u00ed do pam\u00e4te RAM. Na rozdiel od be\u017en\u00e9ho malv\u00e9ru, ktor\u00fd na svoje spustenie potrebuje spustite\u013en\u00e9 s\u00fabory (mus\u00ed by\u0165 nain\u0161talovan\u00fd), je bezs\u00faborov\u00fd malv\u00e9r menej vidite\u013en\u00fd, preto\u017ee na kompromit\u00e1ciu po\u010d\u00edta\u010da vyu\u017e\u00edva legit\u00edmne programy. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee bezs\u00faborov\u00fd malv\u00e9r je \u0165a\u017e\u0161ie odhali\u0165, ke\u010f\u017ee nezanech\u00e1va \u017eiadnu stopu \u2013 existuje v\u00fdlu\u010dne v pam\u00e4ti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bezs\u00faborov\u00fd malv\u00e9r nesp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a samostatn\u00fa \u201ekampa\u0148\u201c, ale v\u00a0podstate manipuluje s\u00a0existuj\u00facimi procesmi\/n\u00e1strojmi v\u00a0prospech svojej vlastnej agendy, a\u00a0pr\u00e1ve v\u010faka schopnosti manipulova\u0165 s\u00a0funkciami syst\u00e9mu, zneu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 ich a\u00a0skr\u00fdva\u0165 sa v\u00a0nich je tie\u017e odolnej\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po\u010diatky prv\u00fdch bezs\u00faborov\u00fdch v\u00edrusov<\/strong>

Prv\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fd v\u00edrus Brain<\/a> infikoval iba zav\u00e1dzacie sektory diskiet, nie s\u00fabory. Datuje sa do\u00a0roku 1986 a\u00a0po\u00a0\u0148om sa objavilo mnoho \u010fal\u0161\u00edch infektorov zav\u00e1dzac\u00edch sektorov diskiet (a\u00a0pevn\u00fdch diskov), napr\u00edklad Form<\/a>, a\u00a0infektorov hlavn\u00fdch zav\u00e1dzac\u00edch z\u00e1znamov pevn\u00fdch diskov, ako napr\u00edklad Stoned<\/a> a\u00a0Michelangelo<\/a>. Ani jeden z\u00a0nich sa nikdy nenach\u00e1dzal v\u00a0s\u00fabore s\u00faborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu diskov\u00e9ho oddielu, ale len v\u00a0syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch oblastiach disku, ktor\u00e9 boli pre pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov be\u017ene nepr\u00edstupn\u00e9, a\u00a0n\u00e1sledne po\u00a0spusten\u00ed syst\u00e9mu z\u00a0infikovan\u00e9ho m\u00e9dia boli tieto v\u00edrusy pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 aj v\u00a0pam\u00e4ti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mo\u017eno si v\u0161ak hovor\u00edte: \u201eDobre, ale aj tak si ho mus\u00edm niekde stiahnu\u0165, nie?\u201c A\u00a0m\u00e1te pravdu. Bezs\u00faborov\u00fd malv\u00e9r zasahuj\u00faci\u00a0pam\u00e4\u0165 sa st\u00e1le \u0161\u00edri prostredn\u00edctvom \u0161kodliv\u00fdch odkazov alebo pr\u00edloh, len jeho sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165anie je in\u00e9 – ke\u010f\u017ee jeho cie\u013eom je sa \u010do najviac vyhn\u00fa\u0165 detekcii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00edklady bezs\u00faborov\u00e9ho malv\u00e9ru<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Zn\u00e1mym pr\u00edkladom vyu\u017eitia bezs\u00faborov\u00e9ho malv\u00e9ru bola kampa\u0148 malv\u00e9ru Astaroth (detegovan\u00e9ho spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou ESET pod n\u00e1zvom Guildma<\/a>), v r\u00e1mci ktorej sa bezs\u00faborov\u00e1 met\u00f3da (vlo\u017eenie k\u00f3du do procesov) vyu\u017e\u00edvala na prev\u00e1dzku infostealera, p\u00f4vodne doru\u010den\u00e9ho prostredn\u00edctvom \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho e\u2011mailov\u00e9ho odkazu. Pri interakcii malv\u00e9r vyu\u017e\u00edval legit\u00edmne n\u00e1stroje syst\u00e9mu Windows, ako napr\u00edklad BITSAdmin<\/a>, atrib\u00fat s\u00faboru Alternate Data Streams<\/a> a n\u00e1stroj prehliada\u010da Internet Explorer (ExtExport.exe) na obch\u00e1dzanie obrany (prostredn\u00edctvom tzv. side\u2011loadingu kni\u017enice DLL<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V podstate vyu\u017e\u00edval legit\u00edmne syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 procesy a n\u00e1stroje na spustenie svojho k\u00f3du, ktor\u00fd bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 detegova\u0165 a\u017e po spusten\u00ed v pam\u00e4ti (detegovan\u00e9 spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou ESET ako Win32\/Spy.Guildma<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podobne aj rodina malv\u00e9ru Kovter, ktor\u00fa v\u00fdskumn\u00edci spolo\u010dnosti ESET prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t odhalili<\/a> v roku 2014, ukr\u00fdvala svoj \u0161kodliv\u00fd k\u00f3d za\u0161ifrovan\u00fd v datab\u00e1ze Registry syst\u00e9mu Windows, \u010do sa pova\u017euje za bezs\u00faborov\u00e9 pretrv\u00e1vanie malv\u00e9ru. Takisto malv\u00e9r GreyEnergy<\/a> bol navrhnut\u00fd tak, aby niektor\u00e9 z jeho modulov be\u017eali len v pam\u00e4ti, \u010do br\u00e1nilo detekcii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tak\u00e9to techniky malv\u00e9ru sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa probl\u00e9my jednoduch\u00e9mu bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9mu softv\u00e9ru na\u00a0ochranu koncov\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed, ktor\u00fd kontroluje iba s\u00fabory v\u00a0syst\u00e9me a\u00a0nedok\u00e1\u017ee kontrolova\u0165 procesy ani pam\u00e4\u0165. To v\u0161ak neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee ich nemo\u017eno odhali\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ochrana pred bezs\u00faborov\u00fdmi hrozbami<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Viacvrstvov\u00e9 rie\u0161enie<\/a> ESET Endpoint Security obsahuje modul pokro\u010dilej kontroly pam\u00e4te<\/a>, ktor\u00fd spolu s\u00a0na\u0161ou funkciou Exploit Blocker<\/a> chr\u00e1ni pred malv\u00e9rom navrhnut\u00fdm tak, aby sa vyh\u00fdbal detekcii. Okrem toho sa v\u00a0r\u00e1mci produktu pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa r\u00f4zne formy pokro\u010dil\u00e9ho<\/a> strojov\u00e9ho u\u010denia na zaistenie \u010do najlep\u0161ej miery detekcie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Iba kontrola pam\u00e4te m\u00f4\u017ee \u00faspe\u0161ne odhali\u0165 akt\u00edvne bezs\u00faborov\u00e9 \u00fatoky v pam\u00e4ti, ktor\u00e9 nemaj\u00fa trval\u00e9 komponenty v s\u00faborovom syst\u00e9me, ako to bolo v pr\u00edpade malv\u00e9ru Astaroth (Guildma), ktor\u00fd zneu\u017e\u00edval s\u00fabor n\u00e1strojov syst\u00e9mu Windows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Okrem toho syst\u00e9m HIPS spolo\u010dnosti ESET<\/a> a\u00a0jeho modul h\u013abkovej kontroly spr\u00e1vania<\/a> pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa preddefinovan\u00e9 pravidl\u00e1 na\u00a0vyh\u013ead\u00e1vanie a\u00a0monitorovanie podozriv\u00e9ho spr\u00e1vania s\u00favisiaceho so\u00a0spusten\u00fdmi procesmi, s\u00fabormi a\u00a0k\u013e\u00fa\u010dmi datab\u00e1zy Registry, pri\u010dom sa zameriavaj\u00fa na\u00a0met\u00f3dy, ktor\u00e9 \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edva bezs\u00faborov\u00fd malv\u00e9r na\u00a0zamaskovanie svojich aktiv\u00edt. Preto je pre rodiny malv\u00e9ru, ako je Kovter, \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 ukry\u0165 sa pred bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdm rie\u0161en\u00edm ESET Endpoint Security<\/a> v\u00a0datab\u00e1ze Registry syst\u00e9mu Windows, ke\u010f\u017ee technol\u00f3gia kontroly pam\u00e4te vyh\u013ead\u00e1va aj \u0161ifrovan\u00e9 hrozby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ako sa vyhn\u00fa\u0165 probl\u00e9mom?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V\u00a0s\u00favislosti s\u00a0bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdmi rie\u0161eniami zameran\u00fdmi na\u00a0ochranu pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov pred pokro\u010dil\u00fdmi hrozbami, ako je napr\u00edklad bezs\u00faborov\u00fd malv\u00e9r, je v\u0161ak potrebn\u00e9 poveda\u0165 jednu vec: nikdy neklikajte na\u00a0\u0161kodliv\u00e9 odkazy alebo pr\u00edlohy v\u00a0podozriv\u00fdch e\u2011mailoch, aj ke\u010f s\u00fa od\u00a0niekoho, koho pozn\u00e1te a\u00a0komu d\u00f4verujete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Najprv prostredn\u00edctvom in\u00e9ho komunika\u010dn\u00e9ho m\u00e9dia (napr. textovej spr\u00e1vy, telefonicky alebo osobne v\u00a0pr\u00edpade, \u017ee ste spr\u00e1vu dostali e\u2011mailom) kontaktujte zdanliv\u00e9ho odosielate\u013ea a\u00a0overte, \u010di spr\u00e1vu naozaj poslal on, ako aj jeho z\u00e1mer. Aj ke\u010f sa to m\u00f4\u017ee zda\u0165 prehnan\u00e9, techniky soci\u00e1lneho in\u017einierstva<\/a> s\u00fa \u010doraz komplexnej\u0161ie a\u00a0\u00fato\u010dn\u00edci dok\u00e1\u017eu pomerne \u013eahko oklama\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Najjednoduch\u0161ou cestou ku\u00a0kompromit\u00e1cii je, ako v\u017edy, zneu\u017eitie \u013eudsk\u00e9ho faktora. Preto vysk\u00fa\u0161ajte na\u0161e bezplatn\u00e9 \u0161kolenie\u00a0kybernetickej bezpe\u010dnosti pre zamestnancov<\/a><\/strong> a\u00a0nau\u010dte sa, ako za\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed zosta\u0165 v\u00a0bezpe\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bezs\u00faborov\u00fd malv\u00e9r sa intenz\u00edvne sna\u017e\u00ed vyhn\u00fa\u0165 odhaleniu bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdm softv\u00e9rom, pracuje len v\u00a0pam\u00e4ti po\u010d\u00edta\u010da a\u00a0nezanech\u00e1va fyzick\u00fa stopu na\u00a0pevnom disku.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":6043,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[140],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6040","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-desifrujeme-pre-vas"],"yoast_head":"\n\u010co je bezs\u00faborov\u00fd malv\u00e9r a ako sa m\u00f4\u017eete chr\u00e1ni\u0165?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Bezs\u00faborov\u00fd malv\u00e9r sa intenz\u00edvne sna\u017e\u00ed vyhn\u00fa\u0165 odhaleniu, pracuje len 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