{"id":6152,"date":"2025-02-11T13:04:37","date_gmt":"2025-02-11T12:04:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bezpecnevofirme.eset.com\/sk\/?p=6152"},"modified":"2025-02-11T13:06:14","modified_gmt":"2025-02-11T12:06:14","slug":"pacienti-v-ohrozeni-ochrana-udajov-v-zdravotnictve","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bezpecnevofirme.eset.com\/sk\/firemna-bezpecnost\/pacienti-v-ohrozeni-ochrana-udajov-v-zdravotnictve\/","title":{"rendered":"Pacienti v ohrozen\u00ed: ochrana \u00fadajov v zdravotn\u00edctve"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Zdravotn\u00edctvo sa \u010doraz \u010dastej\u0161ie st\u00e1va ter\u010dom kybernetick\u00fdch \u00fatokov, pri ktor\u00fdch sa obe\u0165ami hackerov st\u00e1vaj\u00fa pacienti a ich citliv\u00e9 \u00fadaje. \u00danik tak\u00fdchto d\u00e1t m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 v\u00e1\u017ene n\u00e1sledky \u2013 od ohrozenia s\u00fakromia a\u017e po naru\u0161enie zdravotnej starostlivosti. Ako m\u00f4\u017eu nemocnice a zdravotn\u00edcke organiz\u00e1cie efekt\u00edvne zmier\u0148ova\u0165 extern\u00e9 kybernetick\u00e9 rizik\u00e1 a chr\u00e1ni\u0165 pacientov?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Odvetvie zdravotnej starostlivosti je na\u010falej ne\u00famerne postihovan\u00e9 \u00fanikmi \u00fadajov, preto\u017ee sa pri riaden\u00ed kritick\u00fdch oper\u00e1ci\u00ed, ako s\u00fa elektronick\u00e9 zdravotn\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy, platformy na telemedic\u00ednu, faktura\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my a logistika dod\u00e1vate\u013esk\u00e9ho re\u0165azca \u010doraz viac spolieha na dod\u00e1vate\u013eov tret\u00edch str\u00e1n. Tieto partnerstv\u00e1 s\u00edce zvy\u0161uj\u00fa efekt\u00edvnos\u0165 a \u0161k\u00e1lovate\u013enos\u0165, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 prin\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa rozsiahle zranite\u013enosti v oblasti kybernetickej bezpe\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ke\u010f\u017ee \u00fadaje o pacientoch s\u00fa jedn\u00fdm z najcennej\u0161\u00edch a najcitlivej\u0161\u00edch akt\u00edv v zdravotn\u00edctve, poskytovatelia zdravotnej starostlivosti sa musia zamera\u0165 najm\u00e4 na prevenciu a proakt\u00edvne opatrenia, ktor\u00e9 zaistia bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 t\u00fdchto inform\u00e1ci\u00ed ove\u013ea sk\u00f4r, ne\u017e sa objavia ak\u00e9ko\u013evek potenci\u00e1lne hrozby. Komplexn\u00e1 strat\u00e9gia riadenia extern\u00fdch riz\u00edk (TPRM) je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dom k zmier\u0148ovaniu riz\u00edk a dodr\u017eiavaniu regula\u010dn\u00fdch noriem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pacienti a d\u00f4le\u017eitos\u0165 ochrany ich \u00fadajov<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V\u00a0zdravotn\u00edctve je ochrana \u00fadajov viac ne\u017e len o\u00a0vyh\u00fdban\u00ed sa pokut\u00e1m \u010di po\u0161koden\u00ed dobr\u00e9ho mena; d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je zaisti\u0165 najm\u00e4 pohodu pacientov. \u00danik citliv\u00fdch zdravotn\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed m\u00f4\u017ee naru\u0161i\u0165 k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 slu\u017eby, ako s\u00fa diagnostick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, zdravotn\u00edcke technol\u00f3gie, oper\u00e1cie s\u00favisiace so\u00a0starostlivos\u0165ou o\u00a0pacientov alebo pr\u00edstup k\u00a0elektronick\u00fdm zdravotn\u00fdm z\u00e1znamom, \u010do m\u00e1 priamy vplyv na\u00a0kvalitu starostlivosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Okrem toho regula\u010dn\u00e9 org\u00e1ny zav\u00e1dzaj\u00fa pr\u00edsne pravidl\u00e1 o\u00a0ochrane osobn\u00fdch \u00fadajov s\u00a0cie\u013eom zaisti\u0165 bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 a\u00a0d\u00f4vernos\u0165 inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o\u00a0pacientoch. Dodr\u017eiavanie predpisov, ako je GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) v\u00a0Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanii a HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) v\u00a0USA je nutnos\u0165. Ich nedodr\u017eanie m\u00e1 za\u00a0n\u00e1sledok nielen vysok\u00e9 pokuty, ale m\u00f4\u017ee tie\u017e naru\u0161i\u0165 d\u00f4veru medzi poskytovate\u013emi zdravotnej starostlivosti a\u00a0ich pacientmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vzh\u013eadom na zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fa zlo\u017eitos\u0165 dod\u00e1vate\u013esk\u00fdch re\u0165azcov a vyv\u00edjaj\u00facu sa povahu kybernetick\u00fdch hrozieb musia zdravotn\u00edcke organiz\u00e1cie zav\u00e1dza\u0165 spo\u013eahliv\u00e9 postupy strat\u00e9gie TPRM. Zaistia tak ochranu \u00fadajov o pacientoch, zn\u00ed\u017eia finan\u010dn\u00fd dopad pr\u00edpadn\u00fdch naru\u0161en\u00ed zabezpe\u010denia a zachovaj\u00fa si d\u00f4veru pacientov aj regula\u010dn\u00fdch org\u00e1nov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\"BVF<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Budovanie siln\u00e9ho programu TPRM<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Robustn\u00fd program TPRM spo\u010d\u00edva v h\u013abkovej kontrole a zhodnoten\u00ed riz\u00edk dod\u00e1vate\u013ea. Zdravotn\u00edcke organiz\u00e1cie by mali pred uzavret\u00edm spolupr\u00e1ce d\u00f4kladne vyhodnoti\u0165 potenci\u00e1lnych dod\u00e1vate\u013eov a vykon\u00e1va\u0165 priebe\u017en\u00e9 hodnotenia po\u010das cel\u00e9ho trvania partnerstva. T\u00e1to h\u013abkov\u00e1 kontrola zah\u0155\u0148a presk\u00famanie osved\u010den\u00ed o dodr\u017eiavan\u00ed nariaden\u00ed u dod\u00e1vate\u013ea a d\u00f4kladn\u00fa previerku jeho bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch incidentov. Pravideln\u00e9 audity, hodnotenia bezpe\u010dnosti a penetra\u010dn\u00e9 testy s\u00fa nevyhnutn\u00e9 na identifik\u00e1ciu potenci\u00e1lnych zranite\u013enost\u00ed v syst\u00e9moch dod\u00e1vate\u013ea a na zaistenie kontinuitn\u00e9ho dodr\u017eiavania protokolov na ochranu \u00fadajov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podobne by sa v\u00a0zmluvn\u00fdch dohod\u00e1ch mali jasne vymedzi\u0165 o\u010dak\u00e1vania a\u00a0povinnosti extern\u00fdch dod\u00e1vate\u013eov t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa ochrany \u00fadajov<\/a>. Zmluvy by mali obsahova\u0165 konkr\u00e9tne ustanovenia, v\u00a0ktor\u00fdch sa uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa \u010dasov\u00e9 harmonogramy oznamovania naru\u0161en\u00ed zabezpe\u010denia, \u0161tandardy \u0161ifrovania d\u00e1t, politiky kontrol pr\u00edstupu a\u00a0pr\u00e1vo organiz\u00e1cie na\u00a0audity. Jasn\u00fdm vyjadren\u00edm t\u00fdchto o\u010dak\u00e1van\u00ed m\u00f4\u017eu poskytovatelia zdravotnej starostlivosti bra\u0165 dod\u00e1vate\u013eov na\u00a0zodpovednos\u0165 za\u00a0pr\u00edpadn\u00e9 nedostatky v\u00a0zabezpe\u010den\u00ed alebo nedodr\u017eiavanie predpisov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kontroly pr\u00edstupu, \u0161ifrovanie a minimaliz\u00e1cia \u00fadajov<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Jednou z naj\u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161\u00edch strat\u00e9gi\u00ed na zn\u00ed\u017eenie extern\u00e9ho rizika je zavedenie pr\u00edsnych kontrol pr\u00edstupu. Zdravotn\u00edcke organiz\u00e1cie by mali obmedzi\u0165 pr\u00edstup dod\u00e1vate\u013eov len k \u00fadajom, ktor\u00e9 potrebuj\u00fa na vykon\u00e1vanie svojich funkci\u00ed \u2013 ide o koncept zn\u00e1my ako princ\u00edp najni\u017e\u0161ieho privil\u00e9gia. Minimalizuje riziko, \u017ee citliv\u00e9 \u00fadaje o pacientoch bud\u00fa vystaven\u00e9 neopr\u00e1vnen\u00fdm osob\u00e1m. Vyu\u017e\u00edvanie riadenia pr\u00edstupu na z\u00e1klade rol\u00ed (RBAC) a viacfaktorovej autentifik\u00e1cie (MFA) zvy\u0161uje zabezpe\u010denie v\u010faka tomu, \u017ee pr\u00edstup ku kritick\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom maj\u00fa len overen\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvatelia s konkr\u00e9tnymi rolami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokia\u013e ide o ochranu \u00fadajov o pacientoch, \u0161ifrovanie zost\u00e1va jednou z naj\u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161\u00edch met\u00f3d. Zdravotn\u00edcke organiz\u00e1cie by mali zabezpe\u010di\u0165, aby v\u0161etky d\u00e1ta vymie\u0148an\u00e9 s extern\u00fdmi dod\u00e1vate\u013emi \u2013 \u010di u\u017e ulo\u017een\u00e9 alebo pren\u00e1\u0161an\u00e9 \u2013 boli \u0161ifrovan\u00e9 pomocou pokro\u010dil\u00fdch \u0161ifrovac\u00edch protokolov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160ifrovan\u00e9 z\u00e1lohy predstavuj\u00fa dodato\u010dn\u00fa ochranu, ktor\u00e1 zaru\u010duje, \u017ee \u00fadaje zostan\u00fa chr\u00e1nen\u00e9 aj v pr\u00edpade naru\u0161enia. Implement\u00e1cia techn\u00edk minimaliz\u00e1cie \u00fadajov, ako je anonymiz\u00e1cia alebo pseudonymiz\u00e1cia, \u010falej zni\u017euje riziko vystavenia d\u00e1t \u00fanikom. Obmedzen\u00edm mno\u017estva \u00fadajov o pacientoch zdie\u013ean\u00fdch s dod\u00e1vate\u013emi len na to, \u010do je nevyhnutn\u00e9, m\u00f4\u017eu zdravotn\u00edcke organiz\u00e1cie v\u00fdrazne zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 pravdepodobnos\u0165 neopr\u00e1vnen\u00e9ho pr\u00edstupu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zoh\u013eadnenie cel\u00e9ho re\u0165azca<\/strong>

Okrem bezprostredn\u00e9ho dod\u00e1vate\u013ea musia zdravotn\u00edcke organiz\u00e1cie pri riaden\u00ed riz\u00edk \u0161tvrtej strany prija\u0165 aj \u0161ir\u0161iu perspekt\u00edvu a\u00a0posudzova\u0165 tie\u017e dod\u00e1vate\u013eov, na\u00a0ktor\u00fdch sa spoliehaj\u00fa poskytovatelia tret\u00edch str\u00e1n. V\u010faka tak\u00e9muto komplexn\u00e9mu preh\u013eadu sa bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 protokoly vz\u0165ahuj\u00fa na\u00a0cel\u00fd dod\u00e1vate\u013esk\u00fd re\u0165azec, \u010d\u00edm sa zni\u017euje riziko \u00fanikov d\u00e1t zo\u00a0strany menej vidite\u013en\u00fdch subjektov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010eal\u0161ie zlo\u017eky TPRM<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ani pri najbezpe\u010dnej\u0161\u00edch strat\u00e9gi\u00e1ch TPRM nie je \u017eiadny syst\u00e9m \u00faplne odoln\u00fd vo\u010di naru\u0161eniam zabezpe\u010denia. Preto je vybudovanie odolnosti vo\u010di kybernetick\u00fdm hrozb\u00e1m pre zdravotn\u00edcke organiz\u00e1cie nevyhnutn\u00e9. Mali by implementova\u0165 dobre vypracovan\u00fd pl\u00e1n reakcie na incidenty s podrobn\u00fdmi krokmi, ktor\u00e9 je potrebn\u00e9 vykona\u0165 v pr\u00edpade v\u00fdskytu bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9ho incidentu. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je, aby tento pl\u00e1n zah\u0155\u0148al aj extern\u00fdch dod\u00e1vate\u013eov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dod\u00e1vatelia by mali by\u0165 plne integrovan\u00ed do protokolov organiz\u00e1cie pre reakciu na incidenty, aby bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 r\u00fdchlo a efekt\u00edvne obmedzi\u0165 naru\u0161enia. Pravideln\u00e9 simul\u00e1cie a aktualiz\u00e1cie pl\u00e1nu pom\u00f4\u017eu zabezpe\u010di\u0165 pripravenos\u0165 a umo\u017enia poskytovate\u013eom zdravotnej starostlivosti r\u00fdchlo sa zotavi\u0165 z ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9ho incidentu, ako aj minimalizova\u0165 jeho vplyv na starostlivos\u0165 o pacientov a na ich \u00fadaje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010eal\u0161ou d\u00f4le\u017eitou zlo\u017ekou ka\u017ed\u00e9ho programu TPRM alebo odolnosti vo\u010di kybernetick\u00fdm hrozb\u00e1m s\u00fa pravideln\u00e9 \u0161kolenia na\u00a0zvy\u0161ovanie povedomia o\u00a0bezpe\u010dnosti<\/a><\/strong>. Vlastn\u00ed zamestnanci a\u00a0zamestnanci dod\u00e1vate\u013eov by mali by\u0165 vzdelan\u00ed v\u00a0oblasti identifik\u00e1cie a\u00a0reakcie na\u00a0be\u017en\u00e9 hrozby, ako s\u00fa phishing, malv\u00e9r \u010di\u00a0\u00fatoky vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00face techniky soci\u00e1lneho in\u017einierstva. Pracovn\u00edci na\u00a0strane dod\u00e1vate\u013ea m\u00f4\u017eu zohr\u00e1va\u0165 k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa \u00falohu pri prevencii bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch incidentov, ak bud\u00fa ostra\u017eit\u00ed a\u00a0bud\u00fa ma\u0165 dostatok inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o\u00a0nov\u00fdch hrozb\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prevencia pre sektor zdravotnej starostlivosti<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ke\u010f\u017ee poskytovatelia zdravotnej starostlivosti sa pri riaden\u00ed k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch prev\u00e1dzkov\u00fdch funkci\u00ed \u010doraz viac spoliehaj\u00fa na\u00a0extern\u00fdch dod\u00e1vate\u013eov, musia prija\u0165 aj proakt\u00edvne opatrenia na\u00a0ochranu citliv\u00fdch \u00fadajov pacientov. Platforma ESET PROTECT<\/a><\/strong> poskytuje prisp\u00f4sobite\u013en\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 rie\u0161enia, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa organiz\u00e1ci\u00e1m chr\u00e1ni\u0165 citliv\u00e9 \u00fadaje, rie\u0161i\u0165 probl\u00e9my s\u00a0ochranou s\u00fakromia a\u00a0bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, zais\u0165ova\u0165 bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 elektronick\u00fdch zdravotn\u00fdch z\u00e1znamov, dodr\u017eiava\u0165 s\u00falad s\u00a0nariadeniami a\u00a0minimalizova\u0165 naru\u0161enie chodu prev\u00e1dzky. Proakt\u00edvnym riaden\u00edm extern\u00fdch riz\u00edk v\u010faka rie\u0161eniam spolo\u010dnosti ESET m\u00f4\u017eu poskytovatelia zdravotnej starostlivosti zaisti\u0165 bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 svojich pacientov, udr\u017ea\u0165 si d\u00f4veru verejnosti a\u00a0na\u010falej poskytova\u0165 kvalitn\u00fa zdravotn\u00fa starostlivos\u0165.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zdravotn\u00edctvo sa \u010doraz \u010dastej\u0161ie st\u00e1va ter\u010dom kybernetick\u00fdch \u00fatokov, pri ktor\u00fdch sa obe\u0165ami hackerov st\u00e1vaj\u00fa pacienti a ich citliv\u00e9 \u00fadaje. \u00danik tak\u00fdchto d\u00e1t m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 v\u00e1\u017ene n\u00e1sledky \u2013 od ohrozenia s\u00fakromia a\u017e po naru\u0161enie zdravotnej starostlivosti. Ako m\u00f4\u017eu nemocnice a zdravotn\u00edcke organiz\u00e1cie efekt\u00edvne zmier\u0148ova\u0165 extern\u00e9 kybernetick\u00e9 rizik\u00e1 a chr\u00e1ni\u0165 pacientov? Odvetvie zdravotnej starostlivosti je na\u010falej ne\u00famerne postihovan\u00e9 \u00fanikmi \u00fadajov, preto\u017ee sa pri riaden\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":6155,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[140,105],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6152","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-desifrujeme-pre-vas","category-firemna-bezpecnost"],"yoast_head":"\nPacienti v ohrozen\u00ed: ochrana \u00fadajov v zdravotn\u00edctve | ESET<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Zdravotn\u00edctvo sa \u010doraz \u010dastej\u0161ie st\u00e1va ter\u010dom kybernetick\u00fdch \u00fatokov, pri ktor\u00fdch sa obe\u0165ami hackerov st\u00e1vaj\u00fa pacienti a ich citliv\u00e9 \u00fadaje.\" 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